Title: The parameters estimation for a PM2.5 transport model with the adjoint method

Journal: Advances in Meteorology, Article ID 161738.

Authors: WANG D. -S., N. Li, Y. -L. Shen, and X. -Q. Lv*

Abstract: Based on the theory of inverse problem and data assimilation, the adjoint method is applied for the estimation of parameters including the initial condition (IC), the source and sink (SS) in a PM2.5 transport model. To reduce the ill-posedness of the inverse problem, an independent point scheme (IPS) is implemented during the estimation process. In twin experiments, both the prescribed IC and SS can be inverted successfully and better inversion results are obtained when the IPS is used than not, suggesting the feasibility and validity of the PM2.5 transport model as well as the IPS. In practical experiments, several inversion strategies are compared based on the simulation results of PM2.5 concentrations over China. It is found that IC and SS are better estimated with smaller difference between simulated results and observations, when IC and SS are inverted simultaneously than separately. And the simulated results can reproduce the temporal and spatial variation feature of the observed PM2.5 concentrations. On the basis of the numerical results, it is shown that the adjoint method and the IPS are the powerful way to improve the precision of the simulation of the PM2.5 concentrations.